Language reflects power, especially when utilized by dominant groups. The terms MSTGW and GAMP are consistently utilized when referencing cisgendered men who have sex with trans women in academic or scholarly literature. There is no term for cisgendered women or cisgendered men who have sex with trans men. Outside of academia, trans-attracted men are frequently called tranny chasers, transfansor considered to have a fetish (Clary-Flory, 2011), eradicating the validity of the relationships and intimate connections with the transgendered population. Consistently, the focus of the language is on the gender identity of the trans partner and the sexual interactions between the two. Operario, Burton, Underhill and Sevelius (2008) note that sexual orientation identity terminology reflects gendered patterns of sexual attraction, but does not necessarily represent behavior or experience. Trans-attracted men self-identify as heterosexual, gay, bisexual, asexual or other. In prior research, GAMP men noted that they felt pressure to select an identity within the limiting binary (Coan, Shrager, & Packer, 2005; Weinberg & Williams, 2010). Because of stigma that simultaneously shames these men and pejoratively labels their relationship dynamics, they are often reduced to designation as subsets of existing binaries, variant or an unusual type of sexuality.
About 15% to 30% of people infected with syphilis who don't get treatment will develop complications known as tertiary syphilis. In the late stage, the disease may damage the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints. These problems may occur many years after the original, untreated infection.
But The Original Search Term Was Chicks With Dicks
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In a few cases, kids who are developing very early or who are very late in starting have a problem that may need to be checked or treated. If you are concerned about that possibility, talk with your parents and schedule a visit with your doctor. Your doctor knows all about puberty and can help determine if you are developing normally.
Current research supports that it is caused by a combination of a dysfunction of the immunological system and genetic factors. The understanding of the causes of this disorder is still incomplete. The mainstay of treatment is potent topical steroids in the case of genital involvement in women. Studies have shown that regular use of potent topical steroids in women prevents the problems of scarring and decreases risk of skin cancer developing in the area of lichen sclerosus. Potent topical steroids are also a first line treatment for other areas affected by lichen sclerosus. Pelvic floor therapy, surgical intervention to address scarring (such as circumcision in men), and in some cases oral immunosuppressive medicines may also be used. Because lichen sclerosus is associated with increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma in women with genital involvement, it is important for those affected to have life long screening examinations as well as continued treatment to keep the disorder under control.
Treatment in men is not well studied. In those who are not circumcised, circumcision can by curative. Otherwise, potent topical steroid ointments are also recommended. The same is true of extragenital lesions. The link with squamous cell carcinoma has not been demonstrated in men or in extragenital lesions, so long term follow-up is recommended mainly to maintain control of the lichen sclerosus, but the risk of cancer appears to be very low in men.Second line treatments include topical tacrolimus or pimecrolimus, phototherapy, and systemic (oral) immunosuppressive medications. In very severe cases, surgical removal of affected skin layers may be of benefit. In males, circumcision may be helpful (if the foreskin is involved). It is usually reserved for individuals who have scarring that causes functional impairment.
Cervical cancer is extremely rare in this age group. Fewer than 1 in 1,000 cases of cervical cancer occur in young women 15 to 19. Most women become infected with HPV shortly after they begin having vaginal intercourse. These infections almost always go away on their own within 1 to 2 years without causing any changes in the cervical cells. If changes do occur, the cells almost always go back to normal. Research shows that cervical cancer screening in this age group does not reduce the rate of cervical cancer and can lead to unnecessary treatment.
HPV infection is common in this age group. These infections usually go away on their own within a few years and do not cause any lasting changes in cervical cells. Use of co-testing in women younger than 30 would mostly detect short-term HPV infections that would not lead to cancer. This testing would result in more frequent and unnecessary follow-up testing.
Some boys may get some swelling in the breast area. This is a result of the hormonal changes that are happening. This is common among teenage boys and is often a short-term or temporary condition. Talk with your son's healthcare provider if this is a concern.
"A penile implant does involve a short surgical procedure, so whether or not you're willing or able to undergo the procedure can be a determining factor in whether it's the right option for you," explains Dr. Starke. "For men who do choose an implant, the vast majority (greater than 90% of men and their partners) report great satisfaction with it."
As you prepare to begin treatment, now is a great time to think through what your goals are, as the approach to hormone therapy is definitely not one-size-fits-all. Do you want to get started right away on a path to the maximum safe effects? Or, do you want to begin at a lower dose and allow things to progress more slowly? Perhaps your long term goal is to seek less-than-maximal effects and you would like to remain on a low dose for the long term. Thinking about your goals will help you communicate more effectively with your medical provider as you work together to map out your care plan.
While cisgender men do have higher rates of cholesterol related disorders and heart disease than cisgender women, the available research on transgender men taking testosterone has generally not found these differences. Most of the research on risk of heart disease and strokes in transgender men suggests that risk does not increase once testosterone is begun. However, longer term, definitive studies are lacking. It has been suggested that the risk of other conditions such as diabetes or being overweight is increased by masculinizing testosterone therapy, however actual research supporting these claims are limited.
Other medical conditions may be impacted by gender affirming hormone therapy, though research is lacking. These include autoimmune conditions, which can sometimes improve or worsen with hormone shifts, and migraines, which often have a hormonal component. Ask your medical provider if you have further questions about the risks, health monitoring needs, and other long term considerations when taking hormone therapy.Some of the effects of hormone therapy are reversible, if you stop taking them. The degree to which they can be reversed depends on how long you have been taking testosterone. Clitoral growth, facial hair growth, voice changes and male-pattern baldness are not reversible.
Now, some of these most frequent terms could have been used to find non-informative news items or images that just happened to direct a viewer to the blog, but the overall pattern of these terms imply search engine searches are leading many to the blog who are actively seeking advice or commentary on gender issues.
The main focus of an academic research paper is to develop a new argument, and a research paper is likely to contain a literature review as one of its parts. In a research paper, you use the literature as a foundation and as support for a new insight that you contribute. The focus of a literature review, however, is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others without adding new contributions.
In the example above, the writers refer to several other sources when making their point. A literature review in this sense is just like any other academic research paper. Your interpretation of the available sources must be backed up with evidence to show that what you are saying is valid.
Falk and Mills do not use any direct quotes. That is because the survey nature of the literature review does not allow for in-depth discussion or detailed quotes from the text. Some short quotes here and there are okay, though, if you want to emphasize a point, or if what the author said just cannot be rewritten in your own words. Notice that Falk and Mills do quote certain terms that were coined by the author, not common knowledge, or taken directly from the study. But if you find yourself wanting to put in more quotes, check with your instructor.
[3] It is next contended that the court erred in giving one instruction and refusing another on the law of self-defense. The court gave a long instruction completely covering the matter of self-defense, in general, in which the applicable portions of section 197 of the Penal Code were given, and later repeated, in the language of the statute. The court refused to give an instruction asked for by the defendant purportedly based on a portion of the opinion in People v. Hecker, 109 Cal. 451 [42 P. 307, 30 L.R.A. 403], which would have told the jury that if it believed that the defendant was the first wrongdoer (in slapping or poking the deceased) this was merely a simple assault, and if Dick met this assault with a deadly counterattack the defendant had an absolute right to kill him, and the jury must find him not guilty. This instruction, as requested, was plainly erroneous. It is argued that the court should have given a correct instruction on its own motion to the effect that where the original assault was not felonious, and the counterassault was so sudden and perilous as to give [101 Cal. App. 2d 649] the first assailant no opportunity to decline the struggle, he would be justified in slaying forthwith in self-defense. Also, that the instruction given by the court was erroneous because it told the jury that if the defendant was the assailant and engaged in mutual combat he must in good faith have endeavored to decline any further struggle. The instruction as given included the exact language of the statute, and was broad enough to cover the basic idea contended for by the defendant. The jury having been properly instructed on the law of self-defense, in the language of the code, the defendant should have proposed any amplification desired in a form that could be given. (People v. Dobbins, 138 Cal. 694 [72 P. 339].) Moreover, the situation did not require a further instruction of this nature. The defendant testified that he merely hit or slapped Dick on the back to attract his attention while saying good night. He still insists in his brief that he was not the original assailant or aggressor and that he merely gave Dick "a friendly tap in passing." We find no error in this connection. 2ff7e9595c
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